This Canadian election.

For non-Canadians, the September 2021 election summed up in a few words.

The Liberals won a minority.
Mainly because the People's Party is to the Conservatives, what Trump is to the Republicans. The People's Party distracted and diluted the strength of the Conservatives enough that the Liberals did not lose to the Conservatives. If there was no confusion in the Conservatives from the dissatisfied people in the People's Party, the Conservatives would have won a minority and be in control today.

But the Conservatives are in disarray thanks to the hardcore right not being happy with the current Conservatives. The People's Party ended the election without a single win. Just not enough of those racist assholes to matter. But enough to bugger Erin's chances of becoming Prime Minister.

So today Justin is claiming a clear mandate (yeah, whatever Justin).
Erin is pretending he has a future, as his party sounds like they want to replace him as leader.
Jagmeet of the NDP got no further than the NDP ever do. Always a bridesmaid, never a bride. Always part of the election, never a winner. In Quebec, the Bloc of course does ok in Quebec, but they couldn't care less for any of the rest of Canada.

I won't need to acknowledge Canadian politics for another year.

I am not familiar with parliament-type governments - Does Trudow now need to form alliances to keep his seat?

He won a minority government, which means to get anything done he needs supporting numbers. Often the NDP make or break any government. If the Conservatives had won, the NDP would usually be the deciding group.

The NDP just never have the numbers to win even a minority government.

The key number (currently) is 170 seats to win a majority. Justin has 158.

They work on 4 year terms here as well.

They have leadership races in their own parties.

I don't think we have the two term limit like the US has. But being liked for more than 8 years is hard.